System Design

Welcome to the System Design Course Overview!

In this comprehensive system design course, you will delve into the exciting world of designing complex software systems. From conceptualization to implementation, this course will equip you with the knowledge and skills to architect scalable, robust, and efficient systems that meet real-world requirements.
Throughout the course, you will gain a deep understanding of the fundamental principles, methodologies, and best practices of system design. You will explore a wide range of topics, including architectural styles, scalability, performance optimization, data modeling, integration, security, and fault tolerance. Through practical examples, case studies, and hands-on projects, you will have the opportunity to apply your learnings and reinforce your understanding of the concepts.
Throughout the course, you will have the opportunity to analyze real-world case studies, examining large-scale distributed systems, e-commerce platforms, social networks, and content delivery networks. By dissecting these examples, you will gain insights into industry best practices and develop a practical understanding of how to apply system design principles to real-world scenarios.
Join us on this exciting journey into the world of system design and unlock the secrets to building robust, scalable, and efficient software systems. Enroll in the System Design Course today and embark on a path of innovation and excellence!

15+ hours of LLD Content
25+ hours of HLD Content
Certificate on course completion
Downloadable resources available for each lecture
15+ user case studies
Hands-on coding environment
Doubt Assistance in every Topic and Problem
Live Community Sessions

Learning Scope

By the end of this course, you will have honed your system design skills and acquired a comprehensive toolkit to tackle complex software system challenges. You will be equipped to take on the role of a system designer with confidence, armed with the ability to transform requirements into well-architected systems that meet the needs of users and stakeholders.

What will you learn ?

A modular approach to System Design Interviews to succeed in any technical interview
The principles and techniques of designing scalable and efficient software systems.
Learn how to tackle Object-Oriented design (Low-level Design) questions like Design a Movie Ticket Booking System, Design Chess Game etc.
Architectural styles and patterns for building modular and maintainable systems.
Strategies for designing systems that can handle increasing workloads and maintain optimal performance.
Integration and interoperability methods for seamless communication with external services and APIs.
Security considerations and measures to protect systems against unauthorized access and data breaches.
Fault tolerance and resilience strategies for building systems that can withstand failures and recover gracefully.
Performance analysis and optimization techniques to ensure optimal system efficiency.
Real-world case studies of large-scale distributed systems and industry best practices.
Hands-on experience in applying system design principles through practical projects and exercises.

Course Outline

High Level Design

System Design Consideration
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- Scalability: When designing a system, it is essential to consider its scalability, ensuring that it can handle increasing workloads and user demands. This involves designing components and architectures that can scale horizontally or vertically, incorporating techniques such as load balancing, caching, and partitioning to distribute the workload effectively.
- Performance: System performance is a critical consideration. Designers need to identify potential bottlenecks, optimize algorithms and data structures, and employ caching mechanisms to ensure that the system can deliver responses within acceptable timeframes. Performance testing and analysis should be conducted throughout the design process to validate and fine-tune system performance.
- Reliability and Fault Tolerance: Building reliable systems involves designing components that are resilient to failures. Redundancy, fault detection mechanisms, and failover strategies can be employed to minimize downtime and ensure that the system can recover gracefully from failures. The system should be tested rigorously to identify and address potential points of failure.
- Security: System designers must consider security measures to protect sensitive data, prevent unauthorized access, and ensure the integrity of the system. This includes incorporating authentication and authorization mechanisms, encryption techniques, secure communication protocols, and vulnerability assessments to identify and mitigate potential security risks.
- These technical considerations play a crucial role in system design, ensuring that the resulting system is scalable, performs optimally, can handle failures, and maintains the necessary security measures to safeguard data and user interactions.
System Design Infrastructure
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- Cloud Infrastructure: Understanding the principles and components of cloud computing infrastructure, such as virtual machines, containers, storage services, and networking. Exploring cloud providers like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud Platform (GCP), and learning how to design scalable and resilient systems using cloud resources.
- Network Design: Studying network design concepts and protocols, including LAN, WAN, VPN, firewalls, and load balancers. Designing efficient and secure network architectures that meet the requirements of the system, considering factors such as latency, bandwidth, and data transmission reliability.
- Distributed Systems: Exploring the design and architecture of distributed systems, including concepts such as distributed computing, data replication, consensus algorithms, and fault tolerance. Understanding how to design distributed systems that can handle large-scale workloads, ensure data consistency, and maintain high availability.
- Infrastructure as Code: Learning about infrastructure automation and configuration management tools, such as Ansible, Terraform, or Kubernetes. Understanding how to define and deploy infrastructure using code, allowing for repeatable and scalable provisioning of resources. Exploring best practices for infrastructure orchestration and managing infrastructure changes efficiently.
- These topics cover essential aspects of cloud computing, network design, distributed systems, and infrastructure automation, equipping you with the knowledge and skills necessary to design and implement efficient and resilient infrastructure for modern software systems.
Communication Protocols
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- Defining the protocols and communication mechanisms used by different components to exchange data and interact with each other.
- This includes specifying message formats, API contracts, and network protocols.
External System Integration
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- Outlining how the system integrates with external services, APIs, or third-party components
- This includes defining interfaces, data exchange formats, and the protocols used for integration.
Error Handling and Exception Management
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- Defining how the system detects and handles errors, exceptions, and failures.
- This includes designing mechanisms for error reporting, logging, and graceful degradation.

Low Level Design

Logic Building
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- Breaking down the high-level components into smaller, more detailed units and defining their internal structure and behavior.
- Learn how to make different types of UML diagrams by initially learning the concepts of classes, objects.
- Data Structures: Designing the data structures required by the system. This involves selecting appropriate data structures, such as arrays, linked lists, hash tables, or trees, based on the specific needs of the system and its algorithms.
- Algorithms and Logic: Defining the algorithms and logical operations performed by the system's components. This includes designing efficient algorithms for tasks such as searching, sorting, data manipulation, and decision-making processes.
- Database Schema Design: Creating a detailed database schema that aligns with the system's data model defined in the HLD. This involves designing tables, relationships, constraints, and indexes to optimize data storage and retrieval operations.
- API Design: Defining the interfaces and APIs exposed by the system's components to facilitate communication and interaction with other modules or external systems. This includes specifying input/output parameters, error handling mechanisms, and communication protocols.
Design Patterns used in LLD
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- Singleton Pattern: Ensures that only one instance of a class exists throughout the system, providing a global point of access to it.
- Factory Pattern: Provides an interface or base class to create objects of various derived classes, decoupling the client code from the specific implementation classes.
- Adapter Pattern: Converts the interface of a class into another interface that clients expect, allowing incompatible classes to work together.
- Observer Pattern: Establishes a one-to-many dependency between objects, where one object (the subject) notifies and updates its dependent objects (observers) automatically.
- Builder Pattern: Separates the construction of a complex object from its representation, allowing the same construction process to create different representations.
- Decorator Pattern: Dynamically adds additional responsibilities to an object by wrapping it in a decorator class, providing a flexible alternative to subclassing.
- Decorator Pattern: Dynamically adds additional responsibilities to an object by wrapping it in a decorator class, providing a flexible alternative to subclassing.
- Proxy Pattern: Provides a surrogate or placeholder object, controlling access to the real object and allowing additional functionality to be added.
- Strategy Pattern: Defines a family of interchangeable algorithms, encapsulating each one and making them interchangeable within the same context.
- Template Method Pattern: Defines the skeleton of an algorithm in a base class, allowing subclasses to provide specific implementations of certain steps.
- These design patterns, among others, can be applied in the LLD phase to improve code structure, maintainability, and reusability. Each pattern addresses a specific design problem and provides a proven solution that can be adapted to the system's requirements and constraints.
Case Study:Design Ecommerce Platform
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- HLD
  System Architecture: Follow a microservices architecture, where different functionalities are implemented as independent services.
- Use containerization (e.g., Docker) and orchestration (e.g., Kubernetes) for scalability and deployment management.
- Components: User Management: Handles user authentication, registration, and profile management.
  Product Catalog: Stores and manages product information, including categories, attributes, and pricing.
  Shopping Cart: Manages customer's shopping cart, allowing addition, removal, and modification of items.
  Order Management: Handles order processing, payment integration, and inventory management.
  Recommendation Engine: Provides personalized product recommendations based on user preferences and behavior.
  Reviews and Ratings: Allows customers to provide feedback and ratings for products.
- Use a relational database management system (e.g., PostgreSQL) for structured data storage, including user profiles, product information, and order history.
- Utilize a NoSQL database (e.g., MongoDB) for storing unstructured data such as product reviews and ratings.
- Implement caching mechanisms (e.g., Redis) to improve system performance for frequently accessed data.
- LLD
  Design and define the internal structure and behavior of each component, specifying classes, methods, and their relationships.
- Design database schemas for different components, ensuring proper normalization and relationships between tables.
- Design RESTful APIs for communication between different microservices, following best practices for request/response formats, authentication, and versioning.
- Design test cases and implement unit tests for each component to ensure correct functionality and identify any bugs or issues.
- Define error codes, exceptions, and logging mechanisms to track and handle system errors effectively.
Case Study: Design Chess Game
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- HLD
  Board: Represents the chessboard with 64 squares and tracks the positions of the chess pieces.
  Pieces: Define the different chess pieces (e.g., King, Queen, Rook, Bishop, Knight, Pawn) and their movements.
  Players: Represent the two players participating in the game, each controlling a set of chess pieces.
- Turn Management: Control the alternating turns between the players.
  Valid Move Checking: Validate and enforce the rules of chess to ensure legal moves for each piece.
  Checkmate and Stalemate Detection: Detect checkmate (winning condition) and stalemate (draw condition) situations.
- Visual Representation: Display the chessboard and pieces using a graphical user interface (GUI) or console-based interface.
  User Interaction: Allow players to select and move pieces using mouse clicks or commands.
- LLD
  Board: Implement a data structure (e.g., 2D array) to represent the chessboard and store the positions of the pieces.
  Pieces: Define classes for each chess piece, including their attributes (e.g., type, color, position) and movements.
  Players: Create classes to represent the players, including their names, colors, and the ability to make moves.
- Implement rules for each piece's movement and verify the legality of moves based on the current board state.
- Handle the sequence of moves, validate moves, and enforce game rules throughout the gameplay.
- Design and execute test cases to validate the correctness of the game logic, move validation, and checkmate/stalemate detection.
Case Study: Design Facebook
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- HLD
  System Architecture: Follow a scalable and distributed architecture, employing a combination of frontend and backend services.
  Utilize load balancing, caching mechanisms, and distributed databases to handle high user traffic and ensure high availability.
- News Feed:
  Develop a dynamic news feed that displays personalized content based on user preferences, connections, and activities.
  Incorporate algorithms to prioritize relevant posts and handle real-time updates.
- Messaging and Notifications:
  Provide messaging functionality, allowing users to send private messages and participate in group conversations.
  Implement a notification system to alert users about interactions, updates, and important events.
- Friend Connections and Social Graph:
  Develop features for finding and adding friends, managing friend lists, and handling friend requests.
  Create a social graph to represent the connections and relationships between users.
- LLD
  Design and define the internal structure and behavior of each component, such as user management, news feed, messaging, etc.
  Specify the classes, methods, and relationships within each component.
- API Design:
  Design RESTful APIs for communication between frontend and backend services.
  Define endpoints, request/response formats, authentication mechanisms, and error handling strategies.
- Caching and Performance Optimization:
  Utilize caching mechanisms (e.g., Memcached, Redis) to improve performance for frequently accessed data.
  Optimize database queries, employ indexing strategies, and use appropriate caching levels to minimize response times.
- Please note that the above overview provides a high-level glimpse into the design considerations for a platform like Facebook. In practice, building a comprehensive social media platform involves numerous additional components, functionalities, scalability considerations, and infrastructure design choices. We will cover everything in detail in our lectures.
Case Study: Design Zomato
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- HLD
  System Architecture:
  Follow a scalable and distributed architecture, employing a combination of frontend and backend services.
  Utilize load balancing, caching mechanisms, and distributed databases to handle high user traffic and ensure high availability.
- Restaurant Listings:
  Develop a comprehensive database of restaurants, including their menus, cuisines, ratings, reviews, and location information.
- Ordering and Delivery:
  Enable users to browse menus, add items to the cart, customize orders, and place food orders.
- Reviews and Ratings:
  Allow users to leave reviews and ratings for restaurants and specific dishes.
- LLD
  Detailed Component Design:
  Design and define the internal structure and behavior of each component, such as user management, restaurant listings, ordering, etc.
  Specify the classes, methods, and relationships within each component.
- Design database schemas to store user profiles, restaurant information, menus, orders, reviews, and other relevant data.
- Design RESTful APIs for communication between frontend and backend services.
- Define error codes, exceptions, and logging mechanisms to handle errors, debug issues, and monitor system performance.
- Design test cases and implement unit tests for each component to ensure correct functionality and identify any bugs or issues.
- Please note that the above overview provides a high-level glimpse into the design considerations for a food delivery platform like Zomato. In practice, building a comprehensive platform like Zomato involves additional components such as location-based services, order management systems, delivery partner integration, customer support systems, and more.
Case Study: Miscellaneous
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- In the course, we will cover various system designs such as LinkedIn, Google Maps, Uber etc.
- So, what are you waiting for? Enroll now!

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Sakshi

I love this course. Now I have better knowledge about designing system.

Piyush

This course really heled me in understanding the system design processes.